.research-page { background: var(--bg); }
.research-hero { min-height:360px; padding-top:80px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr); position:relative; overflow:hidden; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border); background:var(--bg); }
.research-hero::before { display:none; }
.research-hero::after { content:""; position:absolute; inset:80px 0 0 50%; pointer-events:none; background:radial-gradient(circle at 20% 45%,rgba(191,162,100,.1),transparent 45%); }
.research-hero-media { min-height:280px; background:linear-gradient(145deg,#5a4c38 0%,#41372a 52%,#2e281f 100%); background-position:center,center; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-size:contain,cover; border-right:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-hero-media.faewa-hero-media {
    background-size: contain,cover;
    background-position: center,center;
}
.research-hero-copy { padding:clamp(24px,3vw,42px); display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:center; position:relative; z-index:1; }
.research-kicker { color:var(--gold); font:500 .72rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.research-hero h1 { max-width:620px; margin:10px 0 13px; font:400 clamp(1.75rem,3vw,2.8rem)/1.05 'Sora',sans-serif; letter-spacing:-.04em; }
.research-hero h1 em { color:var(--gold); font-style:normal; font-weight:300; }
.research-lead { max-width:590px; color:var(--text-2); font-size:clamp(.82rem,1vw,.92rem); line-height:1.6; }
.research-stats { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); border-bottom:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-stat { padding:18px clamp(16px,2.4vw,28px); border-right:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-stat:last-child { border-right:0; }
.research-stat strong { display:block; color:var(--gold); font:400 clamp(1.15rem,1.8vw,1.65rem) 'Sora'; }
.research-stat span { color:var(--text-3); font-size:.76rem; }
.research-section { padding:clamp(40px,5vw,60px) 0; }
.research-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr); gap:clamp(28px,4vw,52px); align-items:start; }
.research-copy { max-width:520px; }
.research-section > .container > .research-stats {
    width:100%;
    margin-top:32px;
    grid-column:1 / -1;
    grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);
    border:1px solid var(--border);
}
.research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat { padding:16px 18px; border-right:1px solid var(--border); border-bottom:0; }
.research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat:last-child { border-right:0; }
.research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat strong { font-size:1.25rem; }
.research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat span { display:block; margin-top:3px; line-height:1.4; font-size:.69rem; }
.research-section h2 { font:400 clamp(1.45rem,2.4vw,2.15rem)/1.12 'Sora'; letter-spacing:-.025em; }
.research-copy p { color:var(--text-2); line-height:1.65; margin-bottom:13px; font-size:.86rem; }
.research-points { margin-top:22px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:10px; }
.research-point { padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid var(--border); background:var(--bg-card); color:var(--text-2); line-height:1.4; font-size:.78rem; }
.research-point i { color:var(--gold); margin-right:8px; }
.research-gallery { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); gap:14px; }
.research-gallery figure { margin:0; position:relative; min-height:155px; overflow:hidden; background:linear-gradient(145deg,#5a4c38 0%,#41372a 52%,#2e281f 100%); border:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-gallery img { width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:contain; transition:transform .55s var(--ease); }
.research-gallery figure:hover img { transform:scale(1.035); }
.research-gallery figcaption { position:absolute; left:0; right:0; bottom:0; padding:32px 16px 13px; background:linear-gradient(transparent,rgba(36,31,24,.96)); color:var(--text-2); font-size:.72rem; }
.cellular-gallery.cellular-carousel { display:block; }
.cellular-carousel-top { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; margin-bottom:14px; color:var(--text-3); font:500 .68rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.05em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.cellular-status-dot { display:inline-block; width:7px; height:7px; margin-right:8px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--gold); box-shadow:0 0 12px rgba(191,162,100,.8); animation:cellPulse 1.8s infinite; }
.cellular-carousel.is-paused .cellular-status-dot { animation:none; opacity:.45; }
@keyframes cellPulse { 50% { opacity:.35; box-shadow:0 0 2px rgba(191,162,100,.2); } }
.cellular-count b { color:var(--gold); font-size:.85rem; }
.cellular-viewport { overflow-x:auto; scrollbar-width:none; cursor:grab; touch-action:pan-y; outline:none; border-inline:1px solid rgba(191,162,100,.25); }
.cellular-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar { display:none; }
.cellular-viewport:focus-visible { box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--gold); }
.cellular-track { display:flex; gap:14px; width:max-content; padding:8px 8px 18px; }
.cellular-gallery figure {
    flex:0 0 clamp(190px,21vw,270px);
    aspect-ratio:1.18/1;
    min-height: 150px;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg,#5a4c38 0%,#41372a 52%,#2e281f 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(191,162,100,.72);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px rgba(191,162,100,.08);
    transition: border-color .3s, box-shadow .3s, transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.cellular-gallery figure:hover {
    border-color: var(--gold);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px rgba(191,162,100,.14), 0 12px 34px rgba(191,162,100,.14);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}
.cellular-carousel.is-dragging .cellular-viewport { cursor:grabbing; }
.cellular-carousel.is-dragging figure { transform:none; }
.cellular-gallery img { object-fit: contain; user-select:none; -webkit-user-select:none; -webkit-user-drag:none; pointer-events:none; }
.cellular-gallery figcaption {
    display: block;
    left: 10px;
    right: auto;
    bottom: 10px;
    padding: 6px 9px;
    color: #171109;
    background: rgba(191,162,100,.92);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,238,194,.5);
    border-radius: 2px;
    font: 500 .64rem 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.cellular-controls { display:flex; align-items:center; gap:9px; padding-top:15px; border-top:1px solid var(--border); }
.cellular-control { height:42px; min-width:42px; padding:0 14px; display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:7px; color:var(--gold); background:transparent; border:1px solid rgba(191,162,100,.45); cursor:pointer; font:500 .7rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; text-transform:uppercase; transition:.25s; }
.cellular-control:hover { color:#171109; background:var(--gold); border-color:var(--gold); }
.cellular-hint { margin-left:auto; color:var(--text-3); font-size:.72rem; }
.cellular-hint i { color:var(--gold); margin-right:5px; }
.research-gallery.wide figure:first-child { grid-column:span 2; }
.research-gallery .flow-legend { grid-column: span 2; min-height: 150px; }
.aero-gallery { grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); align-items:stretch; }
.aero-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend) { aspect-ratio:3 / 2; min-height:0; }
.aero-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend) > img { position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:contain; transform:scale(1.12); transition:opacity 1.15s ease !important; will-change:opacity; }
.aero-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend)::after { content:attr(data-variant); position:absolute; top:10px; right:10px; padding:5px 7px; color:var(--gold); background:rgba(36,31,24,.9); border:1px solid rgba(191,162,100,.4); font:500 .58rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.04em; }
.aero-gallery .flow-legend { grid-column:1 / -1; width:100%; min-height:0; justify-self:center; overflow:visible; background:#ded7c8; border-color:rgba(191,162,100,.45); }
.cfd-scales { padding:16px 20px 15px; color:#171511; position:relative; }
.cfd-scales::after { content:attr(data-variant); position:absolute; top:12px; right:18px; color:#5d4b27; font:600 .58rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.05em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.cfd-scale + .cfd-scale { margin-top:12px; }
.cfd-scale-title { line-height:1.05; }
.cfd-scale-title small,.cfd-scale-title strong { display:block; color:#171511; font:500 .67rem 'Sora',sans-serif; }
.cfd-scale-title strong { font-size:.72rem; }
.cfd-scale-title strong span { font-weight:400; }
.cfd-ticks { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(11,1fr); margin:8px -22px 4px; color:#171511; font:500 clamp(.45rem,.63vw,.66rem) 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; }
.cfd-ticks span { position:relative; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; }
.cfd-ticks span::after { content:""; position:absolute; left:50%; top:calc(100% + 3px); width:1px; height:4px; background:rgba(23,21,17,.45); }
.cfd-colour-bar { height:14px; position:relative; border:1px solid rgba(23,21,17,.35); background:rgba(23,21,17,.14); }
.cfd-active-range { position:absolute; inset:0 auto 0 0; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#1510e8 0%,#003cff 15%,#008cff 30%,#00ddea 45%,#00e978 57%,#79f000 68%,#f0f000 79%,#ff9c00 89%,#f22900 97%,#d90000 100%); transition:width 1.15s ease; }
.cfd-pressure-range { position:absolute; inset-block:0; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#1510e8 0%,#004cff 14%,#00a9ff 28%,#00e6a0 42%,#79f000 54%,#f0f000 67%,#ff9c00 81%,#f22900 94%,#d90000 100%); transition:left 1.15s ease,width 1.15s ease; }
.cfd-colour-bar i { position:absolute; inset:-3px auto -3px -12%; width:12%; background:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,rgba(255,255,255,.78),transparent); transform:skewX(-18deg); opacity:0; }
.cfd-range-marker { position:absolute; z-index:3; top:-6px; width:1px; height:25px; background:#171511; transform:translateX(-1px); transition:left 1.15s ease; }
.cfd-range-marker::before { content:""; position:absolute; top:-4px; left:-4px; border:4px solid transparent; border-top-color:#171511; }
.cfd-range-marker em { position:absolute; right:5px; bottom:24px; padding:3px 5px; color:#ded7c8; background:#171511; font:600 .56rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-style:normal; white-space:nowrap; }
.cfd-pressure-min em { left:5px; right:auto; }
.cfd-scales.is-changing .cfd-colour-bar i { animation:cfdScaleSweep 1.15s ease; }
@keyframes cfdScaleSweep { 0%{left:-12%;opacity:0} 18%{opacity:.8} 100%{left:100%;opacity:0} }
.faewa-gallery { grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); align-items:stretch; }
.faewa-gallery figure { min-height:190px; }
.converter-gallery { grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr)); }
.converter-gallery figure { grid-column:span 2; }
.converter-gallery figure:nth-child(7) { grid-column:3 / span 2; }
.research-gallery img { transition:opacity .3s ease,transform .55s var(--ease); }
.research-gallery img.is-changing { opacity:.12; transform:scale(.985); }
.aero-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend) > img.is-changing { transform:scale(1.12); }
.converter-gallery figure { transition:none; }
.converter-gallery figure:hover { border-color:var(--border); box-shadow:none; transform:none; }
.converter-gallery figure:hover img { transform:none; }
.converter-gallery img { will-change:opacity; }
.converter-page .research-hero-media {
    background-size:cover,cover;
    background-position:center,center;
}
.converter-page .converter-gallery figure {
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,#3b3a37 0%,#302f2d 52%,#272624 100%) !important;
    display:grid;
    grid-template-rows:minmax(155px,1fr) auto;
}
.converter-page .converter-image-stage {
    grid-row:1;
    position:relative;
    min-height:155px;
    overflow:hidden;
}
.converter-page .converter-gallery .converter-frame {
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
    object-fit:contain;
    filter:none;
    mix-blend-mode:normal;
    opacity:0;
    transition:opacity 1.15s ease !important;
}
.converter-page .converter-gallery .converter-frame.is-active {
    opacity:1;
}
.converter-page .converter-gallery figcaption {
    position:static;
    grid-row:2;
    padding:11px 16px 12px;
    background:rgba(29,29,28,.9);
    border-top:1px solid rgba(191,162,100,.22);
}
.research-band { padding:40px 0; background:var(--bg-card); border-block:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-band h2 { margin-bottom:28px; }
.research-evidence { padding:clamp(38px,4.5vw,54px) 0; border-top:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-evidence-head { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:end; gap:30px; margin-bottom:30px; }
.research-evidence-head h2 { font:400 clamp(1.4rem,2.2vw,1.95rem)/1.12 'Sora'; letter-spacing:-.025em; }
.research-evidence-head p { max-width:560px; color:var(--text-3); line-height:1.7; font-size:.88rem; }
.evidence-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); border:1px solid var(--border); }
.evidence-card { padding:18px; border-right:1px solid var(--border); background:rgba(191,162,100,.025); }
.evidence-card:last-child { border-right:0; }
.evidence-card small { display:block; color:var(--text-3); font:500 .65rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.08em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.evidence-card strong { display:block; margin:9px 0 5px; color:var(--gold); font:400 clamp(1.35rem,2.4vw,2rem) 'Sora'; }
.evidence-card span { color:var(--text-2); font-size:.8rem; line-height:1.45; }
.aero-progression-section .research-evidence-head { margin-bottom:24px; }
.aero-progression-section .research-evidence-head h2 { margin-bottom:0; }
.aero-live-metrics { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:14px; margin-bottom:24px; }
.aero-meter { padding:16px 18px 14px; border:1px solid var(--border); background:rgba(191,162,100,.045); }
.aero-meter-heading { display:flex; align-items:baseline; justify-content:space-between; gap:16px; }
.aero-meter-heading small { color:var(--text-3); font:500 .65rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.08em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.aero-meter-heading strong { color:var(--gold); font:400 clamp(1.08rem,1.92vw,1.6rem) 'Sora'; }
.aero-meter-heading strong span { color:inherit; font-size:inherit; }
.aero-live-metrics sub { font-size:.62em; }
.aero-meter-track { height:8px; margin-top:14px; position:relative; background:rgba(255,255,255,.08); border:1px solid rgba(191,162,100,.22); overflow:visible; }
.aero-meter-fill { position:absolute; inset:0 auto 0 0; background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(191,162,100,.35),var(--gold)); transition:left 1.15s ease,width 1.15s ease; }
.aero-meter-zero { position:absolute; z-index:2; top:-5px; bottom:-5px; left:50%; width:1px; background:rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.aero-meter-marker { position:absolute; z-index:3; top:50%; width:12px; height:12px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--gold); border:2px solid #2e281f; box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(191,162,100,.28); transform:translate(-50%,-50%); transition:left 1.15s ease; }
.aero-meter-scale { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; margin-top:7px; color:var(--text-3); font:500 .57rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.04em; }
.research-next { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); }
.research-next a { padding:28px; border-right:1px solid var(--border); color:var(--text-2); transition:.25s; }
.research-next a:hover { color:var(--gold); background:rgba(191,162,100,.05); }
.research-next small { display:block; font-family:'IBM Plex Mono'; margin-bottom:8px; color:var(--text-3); }
.research-footer { padding:32px 0; border-top:1px solid var(--border); color:var(--text-3); font-size:.75rem; }
@media(max-width:900px){.research-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-top:80px}.research-hero::after{display:none}.research-hero-media{min-height:36vw;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.research-hero-copy{padding:32px clamp(20px,5vw,42px)}.research-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.research-stat:nth-child(2){border-right:0}.research-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.research-next{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.research-evidence-head{display:block}.research-evidence-head p{margin-top:14px}.evidence-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.evidence-card:nth-child(2){border-right:0}.evidence-card:nth-child(-n+2){border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}}
@media(max-width:560px){.research-hero{min-height:0}.research-hero-media{min-height:54vw}.research-hero-copy{padding:27px 20px 31px}.research-hero h1{font-size:clamp(1.8rem,9vw,2.5rem)}.research-stats,.research-gallery,.research-next,.research-points,.evidence-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-stat{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.evidence-card{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.research-gallery.wide figure:first-child,.research-gallery .flow-legend{grid-column:auto}.research-gallery:not(.cellular-carousel) figure{min-height:160px}.cellular-gallery figure{flex-basis:72vw}.cellular-hint{display:none}.cellular-control{height:38px;min-width:38px}.cellular-toggle{flex:1}}

/* Calm editorial sequence: title, research narrative, image, then metrics. */
.research-page main { display:flex; flex-direction:column; }
.research-hero { display:contents; }
.research-hero::after { display:none; }
.research-hero-copy {
    order:1;
    min-height:245px;
    padding:120px max(20px,calc((100vw - 1200px) / 2 + 40px)) 38px;
    justify-content:flex-end;
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);
}
.research-hero h1 {
    max-width:620px;
    margin:9px 0 12px;
    font-size:clamp(1.7rem,2.5vw,2.35rem);
    line-height:1.08;
}
.research-hero .research-lead { max-width:620px; }
.research-section { order:2; }
.research-hero-media {
    order:3;
    width:min(1120px,calc(100% - 40px));
    min-height:280px;
    margin:0 auto 28px;
    border:1px solid var(--border);
    background-size:contain,cover;
    background-position:center,center;
}
.research-grid > div:first-child .research-hero-media {
    width:100%;
    min-height:220px;
    margin:28px 0 0;
    border:1px solid var(--border);
    background-size:contain,cover;
    background-position:center,center;
}
.research-stats { order:4; border-top:1px solid var(--border); }
.research-evidence,.research-band { order:5; }

@media(max-width:900px){
    .research-hero-copy{min-height:220px;padding:112px clamp(20px,5vw,42px) 30px}
    .research-hero-media{width:calc(100% - 40px);min-height:42vw;margin-bottom:22px;border:1px solid var(--border)}
    .research-copy{max-width:620px}
    .research-grid > div:first-child .research-hero-media{width:min(100%,560px);min-height:260px;margin:24px 0 0}
    .research-section > .container > .research-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
    .research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat:nth-child(2){border-right:0}
    .research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat:nth-child(-n+2){border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
    .research-hero-copy{min-height:195px;padding:104px 20px 25px}
    .research-hero h1{font-size:clamp(1.55rem,8vw,2rem)}
    .research-hero-media{width:calc(100% - 28px);min-height:58vw;margin-bottom:16px}
    .research-grid > div:first-child .research-hero-media{width:100%;min-height:58vw;margin:20px 0 0}
    .research-section > .container > .research-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr}
    .research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}
    .research-section > .container > .research-stats .research-stat:last-child{border-bottom:0}
}

/* Integrated cooling research. */
.cooling-page .cooling-hero-media {
    background-color:#eeeae2;
    background-size:contain,cover;
    background-position:center,center;
    background-blend-mode:normal;
}
.cooling-study-band { background:#28251f !important; }
.cooling-config-study figure {
    margin:0;
    overflow:hidden;
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,#48453f 0%,#3c3934 52%,#312f2b 100%);
    border:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.42);
}
.cooling-image-stage { height:clamp(280px,38vw,500px); position:relative; overflow:hidden; }
.cooling-frame {
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
    object-fit:contain;
    mix-blend-mode:normal;
    opacity:0;
    transition:opacity 1.25s ease;
}
.cooling-frame.is-active { opacity:1; }
.cooling-config-study figcaption {
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    gap:18px;
    padding:12px 16px;
    color:#e8e1d4;
    background:#24211d;
    border-top:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.28);
    font-size:.76rem;
}
.cooling-config-study figcaption strong { color:var(--gold); font:500 .68rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; }
.cooling-config-study figcaption b { font-size:.88rem; }
.cooling-progress { height:2px; margin-top:10px; overflow:hidden; background:rgba(223,189,112,.13); }
.cooling-progress span { display:block; width:100%; height:100%; background:var(--gold); transform-origin:left; animation:coolingProgress 5.2s linear infinite; }
.cooling-config-study.is-changing + .cooling-progress span { animation:none; }
@keyframes coolingProgress { from{transform:scaleX(0)} to{transform:scaleX(1)} }
.cooling-switch-band { border-top:0; }
.cooling-switch-gallery { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
.cooling-page .cooling-switch-gallery figure { height:330px !important; min-height:330px !important; }
.cooling-page .cooling-switch-gallery img { object-fit:contain; transform:none; }
.cooling-page .cooling-switch-gallery figure:hover img { transform:none; }
@media(max-width:900px){.cooling-page .cooling-switch-gallery figure{height:250px !important;min-height:250px !important}}
@media(max-width:560px){.cooling-switch-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cooling-image-stage{height:230px}.cooling-page .cooling-switch-gallery figure{height:210px !important;min-height:210px !important}}

/* Distributed motion-control research. */
.motion-control-page .motion-control-hero-media { background-size:contain,cover; background-position:center,center; }
.control-layer-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:12px; }
.control-layer-grid article {
    grid-column:span 2;
    min-height:190px;
    padding:20px;
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,rgba(223,189,112,.085),rgba(255,255,255,.018));
    border:1px solid var(--border);
}
.control-layer-grid article:nth-child(4) { grid-column:2 / span 2; }
.control-layer-grid article:nth-child(5) { grid-column:4 / span 2; }
.control-layer-grid small { color:var(--gold); font:500 .64rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; letter-spacing:.09em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.control-layer-grid h3 { margin:10px 0 9px; color:#f2eee5; font:400 1.05rem 'Sora',sans-serif; }
.control-layer-grid p { margin:0; color:var(--text-2); font-size:.78rem; line-height:1.55; }
.control-note { margin:14px 0 0; padding:13px 16px; color:var(--text-3); border-left:2px solid var(--gold); background:rgba(223,189,112,.04); font-size:.78rem; }
.control-note i { margin-right:7px; color:var(--gold); }
.controller-render-band { background:#28251f !important; }
.controller-render-study figure { margin:0; overflow:hidden; background:linear-gradient(145deg,#48453f,#312f2b); border:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.4); }
.controller-render-stage { height:clamp(290px,38vw,500px); position:relative; overflow:hidden; }
.controller-render-frame { position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:contain; opacity:0; transition:opacity 1.25s ease; }
.controller-render-frame.is-active { opacity:1; }
.controller-render-study figcaption { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; padding:12px 16px; color:#e8e1d4; background:#24211d; border-top:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.28); font-size:.76rem; }
.controller-render-study figcaption strong { color:var(--gold); font:500 .68rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; }
.controller-render-study figcaption b { font-size:.88rem; }
.controller-render-progress { height:2px; margin-top:10px; overflow:hidden; background:rgba(223,189,112,.13); }
.controller-render-progress span { display:block; width:100%; height:100%; background:var(--gold); transform-origin:left; animation:controllerProgress 5.2s linear infinite; }
@keyframes controllerProgress { from{transform:scaleX(0)} to{transform:scaleX(1)} }
.controller-installation-band { border-top:0; }
.controller-installation-gallery { grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); }
.motion-control-page .controller-installation-gallery figure { height:240px !important; min-height:240px !important; }
.motion-control-page .controller-installation-gallery img { object-fit:cover; }
@media(max-width:900px){.control-layer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.control-layer-grid article,.control-layer-grid article:nth-child(4),.control-layer-grid article:nth-child(5){grid-column:auto}.control-layer-grid article:last-child{grid-column:1/-1}.controller-installation-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}
@media(max-width:560px){.control-layer-grid,.controller-installation-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr}.control-layer-grid article:last-child{grid-column:auto}.controller-render-stage{height:230px}.motion-control-page .controller-installation-gallery figure{height:210px !important;min-height:210px !important}}

/* Bearingless actuator research: shared rhythm with purpose-built motion studies. */
.actuator-page .actuator-hero-media {
    background-size:cover,cover;
    background-position:center,center;
}
.actuator-page .actuator-architecture { grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; }
.actuator-detail-grid {
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));
    gap:0 28px;
    margin-top:20px;
    padding:12px 20px;
    border:1px solid var(--border);
    background:rgba(223,189,112,.035);
}
.actuator-detail-grid p {
    margin:0;
    padding:10px 0;
    color:var(--text-2);
    border-bottom:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.12);
    font-size:.78rem;
    line-height:1.45;
}
.actuator-detail-grid p:nth-last-child(-n+2) { border-bottom:0; }
.actuator-detail-grid i { margin-right:8px; color:var(--gold); }
.actuator-circuit-band { background:#26231e !important; }
.actuator-circuit-carousel {
    padding-block:4px 10px;
}
.actuator-circuit-viewport {
    overflow-x:auto;
    scrollbar-width:none;
    cursor:grab;
    touch-action:pan-y;
    border-inline:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.24);
    box-shadow:none;
}
.actuator-circuit-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar { display:none; }
.actuator-circuit-viewport:focus-visible { box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--gold); outline:0; }
.actuator-circuit-carousel.is-dragging .actuator-circuit-viewport { cursor:grabbing; }
.actuator-circuit-track { display:flex; width:max-content; padding:8px 8px 18px; }
.actuator-circuit-group { display:flex; gap:14px; padding-right:14px; }
.actuator-circuit-card {
    flex:0 0 clamp(180px,16vw,230px);
    aspect-ratio:1/1;
    margin:0;
    position:relative;
    overflow:hidden;
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,#48453f 0%,#3c3934 52%,#312f2b 100%);
    border:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.48);
    box-shadow:none !important;
}
.actuator-circuit-carousel .actuator-circuit-card:hover {
    box-shadow:none !important;
}
.actuator-circuit-card img { width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:contain; user-select:none; -webkit-user-drag:none; }
.actuator-circuit-card figcaption {
    position:absolute;
    left:9px;
    bottom:9px;
    padding:5px 7px;
    color:#231e16;
    background:rgba(223,189,112,.92);
    font:500 .58rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;
    letter-spacing:.04em;
}
.actuator-motor-band { border-top:0; background:#2b271f !important; }
.actuator-motor-gallery figure { height:260px !important; min-height:260px !important; display:grid; grid-template-rows:minmax(0,1fr) auto; }
.actuator-motor-stage { position:relative; min-height:0; overflow:hidden; }
.actuator-motor-gallery .actuator-motor-frame {
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
    padding:0;
    object-fit:cover;
    opacity:0;
    transform:none !important;
    transition:opacity 1.35s ease !important;
}
.actuator-motor-gallery .actuator-motor-frame.is-active { opacity:1; }
.actuator-motor-gallery figcaption {
    position:static;
    display:flex;
    justify-content:space-between;
    gap:12px;
    padding:11px 14px;
    background:rgba(29,29,28,.94);
    border-top:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.24);
}
.actuator-motor-gallery figcaption span { color:var(--text-3); font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:.6rem; text-transform:uppercase; }
@media(max-width:900px){
    .actuator-detail-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.actuator-detail-grid p:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.12)}
    .actuator-motor-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.actuator-motor-gallery figure:last-child{grid-column:1/-1}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
    .actuator-page .actuator-architecture,.actuator-motor-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr}.actuator-motor-gallery figure:last-child{grid-column:auto}
    .actuator-motor-gallery figure{height:220px !important;min-height:220px !important}.actuator-circuit-card{flex-basis:165px}
}

/* Brighter research-page system: calm technical champagne, without artwork. */
.research-page {
    --bg-card:#29261f;
    --border:rgba(229,197,124,.24);
    --text-2:#e1dbcf;
    --text-3:#b8b0a2;
    background:#1c1a17;
}
.research-page .research-hero-copy {
    background:linear-gradient(105deg,#24211c 0%,#1f1d19 68%,#2a241b 100%);
    border-bottom-color:rgba(223,189,112,.28);
}
.research-page .research-hero h1,
.research-page .research-section h2,
.research-page .research-band h2,
.research-page .research-evidence-head h2 { color:#f2eee5; }
.research-page .research-lead,
.research-page .research-copy p { color:#d9d3c7; }
.research-page .research-section { background:#211f1b; }
.research-page .research-band {
    background:#2b271f;
    border-block-color:rgba(223,189,112,.24);
}
.research-page .research-evidence { background:#24211d; }
.research-page .research-point,
.research-page .aero-meter {
    background:#332f27;
    border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.24);
}
.research-page .research-section > .container > .research-stats,
.research-page .evidence-grid { border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.28); }
.research-page .research-stat,
.research-page .evidence-card {
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,rgba(223,189,112,.085),rgba(255,255,255,.018));
    border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.20);
}
.research-page .research-stat strong,
.research-page .evidence-card strong,
.research-page .aero-meter-heading strong { color:#dfbd70; }
.research-page .research-gallery figure,
.research-page .cellular-gallery figure,
.research-page .aero-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend),
.research-page.converter-page .converter-gallery figure {
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,#48453f 0%,#3c3934 52%,#312f2b 100%) !important;
    border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.30);
}
.research-page .research-hero-media {
    background-color:#343330;
    border:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.32);
    box-shadow:0 18px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}
.research-page .research-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend)::before {
    content:"";
    position:absolute;
    z-index:4;
    inset:0 0 auto;
    height:2px;
    pointer-events:none;
    background:linear-gradient(90deg,#dfbd70,rgba(223,189,112,.28) 58%,transparent);
}
.research-page .converter-gallery figcaption {
    color:#e5ded1;
    background:rgba(31,30,28,.94);
    border-top-color:rgba(223,189,112,.25);
}
.research-page .research-next { background:#211e1a; }
.research-page .research-next a:hover { background:rgba(223,189,112,.09); }

/* Shared research rhythm: corresponding elements align on every page. */
.research-page {
    --research-section-space:38px;
    --research-column-gap:44px;
    --research-visual-height:240px;
    --research-card-height:220px;
    --research-card-gap:14px;
}
.research-page .research-hero-copy {
    min-height:248px;
    padding-top:116px;
    padding-bottom:36px;
}
.research-page .research-section,
.research-page .research-band,
.research-page .research-evidence { padding-block:var(--research-section-space); }
.research-page .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr);
    gap:var(--research-column-gap);
    align-items:stretch;
}
.research-page .research-grid > div:first-child {
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
}
.research-page .research-grid > div:first-child > h2 {
    height:auto;
    min-height:0;
    margin-top:6px;
    margin-bottom:0;
    font-size:clamp(1.35rem,2vw,1.85rem);
    line-height:1.12;
}
.research-page .research-grid > div:first-child .research-hero-media {
    width:100%;
    height:auto;
    min-height:220px;
    flex:1 1 auto;
    margin:12px 0 0;
}
.research-page .research-copy {
    max-width:560px;
    height:100%;
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
}
.research-page .research-copy > p:first-child { margin-top:0; }
.research-page .research-copy > p:last-of-type { margin-bottom:0; }
.research-page .research-points {
    margin-top:auto;
    padding-top:18px;
    gap:10px 12px;
}
.research-page .research-point {
    min-height:44px;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    padding:10px 14px;
}
.research-page .research-section > .container > .research-stats {
    margin-top:18px;
}
.research-page .research-stat {
    min-height:84px;
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
    justify-content:center;
}
.research-page .research-band > .container > .research-kicker + h2 {
    min-height:2em;
    margin-top:6px;
    margin-bottom:20px;
}
.research-page .research-gallery { gap:var(--research-card-gap); }
.research-page .research-gallery:not(.cellular-carousel) figure:not(.flow-legend) {
    height:var(--research-card-height);
    min-height:var(--research-card-height);
    aspect-ratio:auto;
}
.research-page .faewa-gallery figure,
.research-page.converter-page .converter-gallery figure { min-height:var(--research-card-height); }
.research-page.converter-page .converter-image-stage {
    min-height:calc(var(--research-card-height) - 42px);
}
.research-page .research-evidence-head { margin-bottom:20px; }
.research-page .evidence-card {
    min-height:142px;
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
    justify-content:center;
    padding:20px;
}
.research-page .research-next a {
    min-height:96px;
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
    justify-content:center;
    padding:20px 28px;
}
.reference-substudy-title {
    margin:34px 0 18px;
    padding-top:28px;
    color:#f2eee5;
    border-top:1px solid var(--border);
    font:400 clamp(1.05rem,1.8vw,1.35rem) 'Sora',sans-serif;
}
.paired-research-study {
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);
    gap:18px;
    align-items:stretch;
}
.paired-research-study .cooling-config-study,
.paired-research-study .controller-render-study { min-width:0; }
.paired-research-study .cooling-image-stage,
.paired-research-study .controller-render-stage { height:310px; }
.paired-support-gallery {
    display:block !important;
    min-width:0;
    height:356px;
    position:relative;
    overflow:hidden;
}
.research-page .paired-support-gallery figure {
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100% !important;
    min-height:0 !important;
    opacity:0;
    pointer-events:none;
    transform:none !important;
    transition:opacity 1.25s ease !important;
    display:grid;
    grid-template-rows:minmax(0,1fr) auto;
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,#48453f 0%,#3c3934 52%,#312f2b 100%) !important;
    border:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.42);
}
.research-page .paired-support-gallery figure.is-active { opacity:1; pointer-events:auto; }
.research-page .paired-support-gallery figure img { grid-row:1; min-height:0; object-fit:contain; transform:none !important; }
.research-page .paired-support-gallery figure figcaption {
    position:static;
    grid-row:2;
    padding:12px 16px;
    color:#e8e1d4;
    background:#24211d;
    border-top:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.28);
    font-size:.76rem;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    gap:16px;
}
.research-page .paired-support-gallery figure figcaption strong { color:var(--gold); font:500 .68rem 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; }
.research-page .paired-support-gallery figure figcaption b { font-size:.88rem; }
.paired-research-study .cooling-progress,
.paired-research-study .controller-render-progress { display:none; }
@media(max-width:900px){
    .paired-research-study{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px}
    .paired-research-study .cooling-image-stage,.paired-research-study .controller-render-stage{height:250px}
    .paired-support-gallery{height:296px}
}
@media(max-width:650px){
    .paired-research-study{grid-template-columns:1fr}
    .paired-research-study .cooling-image-stage,.paired-research-study .controller-render-stage{height:230px}
    .paired-support-gallery{height:276px}
}
.actuator-page .actuator-capabilities,
.actuator-page .actuator-motor-band,
.cooling-page .research-evidence,
.cooling-page .cooling-switch-band,
.motion-control-page .control-hierarchy,
.motion-control-page .controller-installation-band,
.cellular-page .research-evidence { display:none; }
.actuator-page .actuator-circuit-carousel .cellular-hint { display:none; }
.actuator-page .actuator-circuit-viewport { pointer-events:none; cursor:default; }
.actuator-page .actuator-circuit-prev,
.actuator-page .actuator-circuit-next { display:none; }
.actuator-page .research-copy:not(.is-reference-aligned),
.cooling-page .research-copy:not(.is-reference-aligned),
.motion-control-page .research-copy:not(.is-reference-aligned) { visibility:hidden; }
.aero-page .research-hero-media {
    background-size:112% auto,cover;
    filter:brightness(1.14);
}
.research-page.actuator-page .research-grid > div:first-child .actuator-hero-media {
    background-size:cover,cover !important;
    background-position:center,center !important;
}
.research-page.motion-control-page .research-grid > div:first-child .motion-control-hero-media {
    background-size:cover,cover !important;
    background-position:center,center !important;
}

/* CFD instrumentation: gold-framed, while preserving the scientific colour maps. */
.research-page .aero-gallery .flow-legend {
    background:linear-gradient(145deg,#302b22 0%,#26231e 56%,#1f1d19 100%) !important;
    border:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.48);
    box-shadow:inset 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.025),0 16px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.20);
}
.research-page .cfd-scales {
    color:#eee7d9;
    border-top:2px solid #dfbd70;
}
.research-page .cfd-scales::after {
    color:#dfbd70;
}
.research-page .cfd-scale + .cfd-scale {
    padding-top:13px;
    border-top:1px solid rgba(223,189,112,.16);
}
.research-page .cfd-scale-title small {
    color:#dfbd70;
    letter-spacing:.045em;
}
.research-page .cfd-scale-title strong { color:#f2eee5; }
.research-page .cfd-ticks { color:#d8d0c2; }
.research-page .cfd-ticks span::after { background:rgba(223,189,112,.52); }
.research-page .cfd-colour-bar {
    border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.62);
    box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.28),0 5px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}
.research-page .cfd-range-marker {
    width:2px;
    background:#dfbd70;
    box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(223,189,112,.35);
}
.research-page .cfd-range-marker::before { border-top-color:#dfbd70; }
.research-page .cfd-range-marker em {
    color:#211d16;
    background:#dfbd70;
    border:1px solid #f0d493;
    box-shadow:0 5px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
}

/* Precision and motion polish. */
.research-page .research-hero h1 {
    text-wrap:balance;
    text-shadow:0 1px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.24);
}
.research-page .research-grid,
.research-page .research-evidence-head { position:relative; z-index:1; }
.research-page .research-point,
.research-page .evidence-card,
.research-page .aero-meter,
.research-page .research-next a {
    transition:background-color .32s ease,border-color .32s ease,box-shadow .32s ease,transform .32s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.24,1);
}
.research-page .research-point:hover,
.research-page .evidence-card:hover,
.research-page .aero-meter:hover {
    border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.46);
    background-color:#2d2922;
    box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.16),inset 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.025);
    transform:translateY(-2px);
}
.research-page .research-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend) {
    box-shadow:0 12px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.13);
    transition:border-color .35s ease,box-shadow .35s ease,transform .35s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.24,1);
}
.research-page .research-gallery figure:not(.flow-legend):hover {
    border-color:rgba(223,189,112,.52);
    box-shadow:0 20px 44px rgba(0,0,0,.22),0 0 0 1px rgba(223,189,112,.07);
    transform:translateY(-2px);
}
.research-page.converter-page .converter-gallery figure:hover { transform:none; }
.research-page .research-stat strong,
.research-page .evidence-card strong { text-shadow:0 0 24px rgba(223,189,112,.12); }
.research-page .research-section > .container,
.research-page .research-band > .container,
.research-page .research-evidence > .container { position:relative; }

@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
    .research-page *, .research-page *::before, .research-page *::after { scroll-behavior:auto !important; }
    .research-page .research-point,
    .research-page .evidence-card,
    .research-page .aero-meter,
    .research-page .research-gallery figure { transition-duration:.01ms !important; }
}

/* Page-two calibration: compact seven-card converter study, expanded FAEWA study. */
@media(min-width:901px){
    .research-page.converter-page .research-band { padding-block:36px; }
    .research-page.converter-page .research-band > .container > .research-kicker + h2 {
        min-height:0;
        margin-bottom:20px;
    }
    .research-page.converter-page .converter-gallery { gap:12px 14px; }
    .research-page.converter-page .converter-gallery figure {
        height:180px;
        min-height:180px;
        grid-template-rows:minmax(0,1fr) auto;
    }
    .research-page.converter-page .converter-image-stage { min-height:0; }

    .research-page .faewa-gallery {
        width:min(1400px,calc(100vw - 40px));
        margin-left:50%;
        transform:translateX(-50%);
        gap:18px;
    }
    .research-page .faewa-gallery figure {
        height:310px;
        min-height:310px;
    }
}

@media(max-width:900px){
    .research-page{--research-section-space:32px;--research-column-gap:28px;--research-visual-height:230px;--research-card-height:200px}
    .research-page .research-hero-copy{min-height:220px;padding-top:108px;padding-bottom:30px}
    .research-page .research-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:var(--research-column-gap)}
    .research-page .research-grid > div:first-child > h2{height:auto;min-height:0}
    .research-page .research-grid > div:first-child .research-hero-media{height:var(--research-visual-height);min-height:var(--research-visual-height)}
    .research-page .research-copy{height:auto}
    .research-page .research-points{margin-top:18px;padding-top:0}
    .faewa-gallery,.converter-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
    .converter-gallery figure,.converter-gallery figure:nth-child(7){grid-column:auto}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
    .research-page{--research-section-space:26px;--research-column-gap:22px;--research-visual-height:210px;--research-card-height:180px;--research-card-gap:10px}
    .research-page .research-hero-copy{min-height:195px;padding-top:100px;padding-bottom:25px}
    .research-page .research-grid{gap:26px}
    .research-page .research-point{min-height:44px}
    .research-page .research-stat{min-height:82px}
    .research-page .research-next a{min-height:92px;padding:20px}
    .faewa-gallery,.converter-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr}
    .aero-gallery .flow-legend{width:100%;min-height:0}
    .aero-live-metrics{grid-template-columns:1fr}
    .cfd-scales{padding:14px 10px 12px}.cfd-scales::after{right:10px}.cfd-ticks{margin-inline:-5px;font-size:.43rem}.cfd-ticks span:nth-child(even){visibility:hidden}
}